California Drunk Driving Defense, 3rd ed. (2001)
By Lawrence Taylor
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Contents |
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Preface |
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Part One - Crime and Punishment |
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I. Generally |
| §1:1 |
The corpus |
| §1:2 |
"Drive" |
| §1:3 |
"Vehicle" |
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II. Under the Influence |
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A. Under the Influence of Alcohol (Veh C § 23152 (a)) |
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| §1:4 |
In general |
| §1:5 |
"Under the Influence" defined |
| §1:6 |
Blood-alcohol presumptions |
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B. Over .08% Blood Alcohol Content (Veh C § 23152 (b)) |
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| §1:7 |
In genera |
| §1:8 |
Juveniles under 21 with .05% blood-alcohol content |
| §1:9 |
Commercial driver with .04% blood-alcohol content |
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C. Under the Influence of Drugs (Veh C § 23152 (a)) |
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| §1:10 |
In general |
| §1:11 |
Driving while addicted: Veh C § 23152 (c) |
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III Felony Drunk Driving (Veh C § 23153 (a) and (b)) |
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| §1:12 |
In general |
| §1:13 |
Vehicular manslaughter |
| §1:14 |
Murder: Watson |
| §1:15 |
"Three strikes": Veh C § 23152 with three priors |
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IV. Other Grounds of Liability |
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| §1:16 |
Attempted drunk driving |
| §1:17 |
Accomplice liability |
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V. Defenses |
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| §1:18 |
In general |
| §1:19 |
Double jeopardy |
| §1:20 |
Mistake of fact |
| §1:21 |
Necessity and duress |
| §1:22 |
Entrapment |
| §1:23 |
Insanity |
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I. The Misdemeanor (Veh C § 23152) |
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| §2:1 |
In general |
| §2:2 |
License suspension/restriction |
| §2:3 |
DUI school |
| §2:4 |
Ignition interlocks |
| §2:5 |
Impound and sale of vehicle |
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II. The Felony (Veh C § 23153) |
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| §2:6 |
In general |
| §2:7 |
"Three strikes" |
| §2:8 |
Manslaughter and murder |
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III. Sentence Enhancements |
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| §2:9 |
In general |
| §2:10 |
Prior convictions (Veh C § 23152) |
| §2:11 |
Prior convictions (Veh C § 23153) |
| §2:12 |
Refusal |
| §2:13 |
Reckless speeding |
| §2:14 |
Child endangerment |
| §2:15 |
Over .20% blood-alcohol content |
| §2:16 |
Multiple victims |
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IV. Sentencing Issues |
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| §2:17 |
In general |
| §2:18 |
Multiple punishment |
| §2:19 |
Defendant's perjury at trial |
| §2:20 |
Work furlough |
| §2:21 |
Community service and work release |
| §2:22 |
Residential alcohol treatment |
| §2:23 |
Electronic home detection |
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V. Probation Violatoin |
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| §2:24 |
In general |
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Part Two - License Suspensions and the DMV |
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| §3:1 |
In general |
| §3:2 |
Drivers under 21: "zero tolerance" |
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II. Refusal To submit to chemical Test |
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| §3:3 |
In general |
| §3:4 |
What constitutes a refusal |
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III. Double Jeopardy and Collateral Estoppel |
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| §3:5 |
In general |
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I. Pretrial Procedures |
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| §4:1 |
In general |
| §4:2 |
Discovery and the subpoena |
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II. Hearing Procedures |
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| §4:3 |
In general |
| §4:4 |
Rules of evidence |
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III. Administrative and Judicial Review |
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| §4:5 |
In general |
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Part Three - Pretrial |
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I. Generally |
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| §5:1 |
The midnight phone call |
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II. The Client Interview |
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| §5:2 |
In general |
| §5:3 |
Educating the client |
| §5:4 |
The retainer agreement |
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III. The Arraignment |
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| §5:5 |
general |
| §5:6 |
Plea of "once in jeopardy" (DMV suspension) |
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IV. Evaluating and Plea Bargaining the Case |
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| §5:7 |
In general; evaluating the case |
| §5:8 | Plea bargaining |
Chapter 6 - Discovery |
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| I. Generally | |
| §6:1 | In general |
| §6:2 | Police evidence |
| II. Blood-Alcohol Evidence | |
| §6:3 | In general |
| §6:4 | Obtaining blood or urine sample |
| §6:5 | Obtaining court-ordered analysis and expert testimony |
| §6:6 | Sample discovery motion |
| III. Using the DMV Hearing | |
| §6:7 | For deposing the officer |
Chapter 7 - Prior Convictions |
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| I. Generally | |
| §7:1 | In general |
| II. Procedure | |
| A. Factual Requirements | |
| §7:2 | In general |
| §7:3 | Bifurcation of trial |
| B. Legal Requirements | |
| §7:4 | In general; moving to strike the prior |
| §7:5 | Constitutional grounds |
| §7:6 | Procedural requirements |
| §7:7 | The record |
| III. Issues as to Specific Priors | |
| §7:8 | Uncharged priors |
| §7:9 | The uncounselled prior |
| §7:10 | The juvenile prior |
| §7:11 | Foreign priors |
| §7:12 | Incompetence of prior counsel |
| §7:13 | Sample motion to strike prior conviction |
Chapter 8 - Suppression of Evidence |
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| I. Generally | |
| §8:1 | In general |
| II. Stop, Detention and Arrest | |
| §8:2 | In generally; probable cause |
| §8:3 | Sobriety checkpoints |
| §8:4 | Authority to arrest: driving in officer's presence |
| III. Incriminating Statements | |
| §8:5 | In general; Miranda-Berkemer |
| §8:6 | The corpus rule |
| §8:7 | Refusal to take chemical test |
| IV. Field Sobriety Tests | |
| §8:8 | In general; Kelley-Frye |
| §8:9 | Mental acuity tests: Muniz |
| §8:10 | Nystagmus |
| §8:11 | Pupil reaction |
| §8:12 | Preliminary breath tests (PBT) |
| §8:13 | Police obstruction of witnesses |
| §8:14 | Tapes, film and photographs |
| V. Blood-Alcohol Evidence | |
| §8:15 | In general |
| §8:16 | Defective implied consent and advisement |
| §8:17 | Denial of access to counsel |
| §8:18 | Forceful seizure: Schmerber |
| §8:19 | Denial of independent sample |
| §8:20 | Chain of custody |
| §8:21 | Lack of foundation: Title 17 |
| §8:22 | Failure to provide discovery |
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| Part Four - Trial | |
Chapter 9 - Jury Selection and Opening Statement |
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| I. Jury Selectoin | |
| §9:1 In general | |
| §9:2 | Illustrative jury voir dire |
| §9:3 | Sample proposed questions |
| §9:4 | Discovery of prosecution records on jurors |
| II. Opening Statement | |
| §9:5 | In general; illustration |
Chapter 10 - Field Evidence: The Arresting Officer |
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| I. Generally | |
| A. Generally | |
| §10:1 | In general; field evidence and the arresting officer |
| §10:2 | The officer as intoxication expert |
| §10:3 | Preparation |
| §10:4 | Strategy |
| B. Officer's Background and Experience | |
| §10:5 | General techniques |
| §10:6 | Officer's training and experience |
| II. Driving Symptoms | |
| §10:7 | In general |
| §10:8 | The NHTSA studies |
| III. Physical Symptoms | |
| §10:9 | In general |
| §10:10 | Appearance and conduct |
| §10:11 | Odor of alcohol on breath |
| §10:12 | Flushed face |
| §10:13 | Bloodshot eyes |
| §10:14 | Slurred speech |
| §10:15 | The effects of hypoglycemia |
| IV. Field Sobriety Tests | |
| A. Generally | |
| §10:16 | In general |
| §10:17 | Performance tests |
| §10:18 | Objective scoring |
| §10:19 | Kelley-Frye and standardized field sobriety tests |
| §10:20 | The NHTSA tests |
| B. Eye Impairment Tests | |
| §10:21 | In general; pupil reaction |
| §10:22 | Horizontal gaze nystagmus (HGN) |
| §10:23 | Illustrative cross-examination on nystagmus |
| V. Preliminary Breath Tests | |
| §10:24 | In general |
| VI. Special Cross-Examination Techniques | |
| §10:25 | In general |
| §10:26 | The infallible cop |
| §10:27 | Selective recall |
| §10:28 | The wedge |
| §10:29 | The magic memory |
| §10:30 | Carbon-copy symptoms |
| §10:31 | The disappearing sway |
| §10:32 | The negative pregnant |
| §10:33 | Reverse impairment |
| §10:34 | The rigged scoreboard |
| §10:35 | The bomb |
| §10:36 | Field evidence and the arresting officer |
| VII. Defense Police Expert | |
| §10:37 | In general |
Chapter 11 - Chemical Evidence: The Forensic Chemist |
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| I. Generally; Blood-Alcohol Analysis | |
| §11:1 | In general |
| §11:2 | Blood-alcohol absorption |
| §11:3 | The fallacy of the average person |
| §11:4 | Individual tolerance |
| §11:5 | Women and alcohol |
| §11:6 | The rising blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) curve |
| §11:7 | Retrograde extrapolation |
| §11:8 | Food, cigarettes and alcohol metabolism |
| §11:9 | The zinc factor |
| §11:10 | Internally produced alcohol |
| §11:11 | Radio frequency interference (RFI) |
| §11:12 | Inherent error |
| II. Breath Analysis | |
| A. Generally | |
| §11:13 | In general |
| §11:14 | The blood-breath partition ratio |
| §11:15 | Nonspecific analysis |
| §11:16 | Testing during the absorptive state |
| §11:17 | Mouth alcohol |
| §11:18 | Hematocrit |
| §11:19 | Body temperature |
| §11:20 | Breathing pattern |
| §11:21 | Stress |
| §11:22 | Simulator calibration |
| §11:23 | Ambient air |
| B. Breath Analysis Machines | |
| §11:24 | In general |
| §11:25 | The Intoxilyzer 5000 |
| §11:26 | The Intoximeter 3000 |
| III. Blood Analysis | |
| §11:27 | In general |
| §11:28 | Sterilization |
| §11:29 | Fermentation |
| §11:30 | Whole blood vs. serum/plasma |
| §11:31 | Arterial vs. venous blood |
| IV. Urinalysis | |
| §11:32 | In general |
| §11:33 | The urine:blood ratio |
| §11:34 | The incomplete void |
| §11:35 | Candida albicans |
| V. Cross-Examination Techniques | |
| A. Generally | |
| §11:36 | In general |
| §11:37 | The smart machine |
| §11:38 | The spiked aspirin |
| §11:39 | Close enough for government work |
| §11:40 | How infrared works — and why it doesn't |
| §11:41 | The defective warranty |
| §11:42 | RFI magic |
| §11:43 | A ton of beer |
| §11:44 | The invisible breath sample |
| §11:45 | Wonder blood |
| §11:46 | Purple urine |
| B. Illustrative Cross-Examination of Expert | |
| §11:47 | In general |
| §11:48 | Transcript of cross-examination of an expert |
| §11:49 | Illustrative cross-examination of Intoxilyzer operator |
| VI. The Defense Blood-Alcohol Expert | |
| §11:50 | In general |
| §11:51 | Preparing the defense expert for cross-examination |
| §11:52 | Illustrative direct examination of defense expert |
Chapter 12 - The Lay Witness; Defendant Witness |
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| I. Generally; Percipient Witness | |
| §12:1 | In general |
| §12:2 | Lay opinion of intoxication |
| §12:3 | Illustrative cross-examination of percipient witness |
| II. Sobriety Witness | |
| §12:4 | In general |
| §12:5 | Preparing the sobriety witness for cross-examination |
| §12:6 | Illustrative direct examination of sobriety witness |
| III. Defendant | |
| §12:7 | In general; should the defendant testify? |
| §12:8 | Preparing the defendant |
| §12:9 | Illustrative direct examination of defendant |
Chapter 13 - Jury Instructions and Argument |
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| §13:1 | Jury instructions |
| §13:2 | CALJIC instructions |
| §13:3 | Closing argument |
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| Bibliography | |
| Table of Statutes | |
| Table of Cases | |
| Index | |
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